California genocide | |
---|---|
Location | California |
Date | 1846–1873 |
Target | Indigenous Californians |
Attack type | Genocide, ethnic cleansing, human hunting, slavery, rape, Indian removal |
Deaths | No more than 2,000 (per Anderson)[1] 4,300 (per Cook)[2] 4,500 (per California Secretary of State)[3] 9,492–16,094 (per Madley)[4] 100,000+ (per Castillo/California Native American Heritage Commission)[5] |
Injured | 10,000–27,000[6][7] taken as forced laborers by white settlers; 4,000–7,000 of them children[7] |
Perpetrators | United States Army, California State Militia, White American settlers |
During the California genocide (1846-1873), government agents, private militias, and ordinary people killed thousands of indigenous people in California. These were systematic killings: people organized them and meant to commit them.
Historians do not agree on how many indigenous people were killed in the genocide. Some say it was between 9,492 and 16,094 people.[8] Others say that over 100,000 were killed.[9]
White settlers also kidnapped between 10,000[10] and 27,000[11] natives for forced labor. Hundreds to thousands of natives starved or were worked to death.[8]
State authorities encouraged, tolerated, and committed these acts.[8][9][12] In 2019 the Governor of California admitted that the state's government had participated in the California genocide, and he apologized.[12]
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